WebMike T. Docmerit is a great platform to get and share study resources, especially the resource contributed by past students and who have done similar courses. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. Seligmans (2011) PERMA model is one of the most highly regarded models of well-being. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1560229. Front. Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism. Book ReviewCollege Counseling and Student Development: Theory, Practice, and Campus Collaboration, Reflections on Power From Feminist Women Counselor Educators, Evaluating the Impact of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy on Hope and Clinical Symptoms With Latine Clients, Guidelines and Recommendations for Writing a Rigorous Quantitative Methods Section in Counseling and Related Fields. It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Nursing education has moved classes online. Given the current realities of physical distancing, there are fewer opportunities for traditional-age university students attending primarily residential campuses to maintain social connections, resulting in social fragmentation and isolation. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. WebSupport in faith was a positive predictor for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. 8600 Rockville Pike You made the JV team in 10th grade, later played in college, and still think of Callahan every time you succeed at work. Madhyastha, S., Latha, K. S., & Kamath, A. Guided imagery can also be a useful and effective tool to help stressed students cope with academic, social, and other stressors. Age was positively correlated with change in PERMA elements, but not gender. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students' strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. (2020, April 14). Worry and stress fuel record drop in U.S. life satisfaction. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 (M = 27.36, SD = 9.9). official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(3), 131142. It is very good for your Predictors of Students' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v10i2.855, Lipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). Can I Really Be Burnt Out Because Of Working From Home? When news of Covid-19 first started circulating, no one believed it would still be impacting our lives today. Fig 1. The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011). Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. I find Docmerit to be authentic, easy to use and a community with quality notes and study tips. This instrument is used widely in studies with university students (e.g., Madhyastha et al., 2014; Miyazaki et al., 2008). In this study, we explored these questions with a sample of graduate and As a flexible learning method, most schools chose Gilbert, D. (2007). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. Positive psychologists have asserted that studies of wellness and flourishing are important in understanding adaptive behaviors and the potential for growth from challenging circumstances (Joseph & Linley, 2008; Seligman, 2011). Interestingly, after the onset of the pandemic, the predictor role of certain PsyCap dimensions shifted. You might feel unmotivated now. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062106, Deaton, A. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. The use of LMS in learning activities can be done anywhere. Field, A. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387393. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. As expected, negative emotion and loneliness significantly increased during the period of COVID-19, impacting overall well-being in an adverse manner. Demographic Questionnaire WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). Twenge, J. M. (2017). Positivity: Groundbreaking research reveals how to embrace the hidden strength of positive emotions, overcome negativity, and thrive. 2021 Apr;30(2):194-201. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922636. Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. Journal of Management Development, 35(9), 10981118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. The International Association of Counseling Services, Inc., 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Epub 2021 May 12. These are potential areas of practice for college counselors and counselors serving university students. Note. The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2015-0091. While modeling good behavior and staying safe yourself, recognize that you cant control what other people do. However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. The coping strategy of active coping (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 4. They could also be adapted to provide services online. Journal of Health Management, 16(2), 315326. Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. Journal of College Student Development, 50(1), 1934. I UI Undergraduate (n = 142), II UII Undergraduate (n = 100), III UIII Undergraduate (n = 104), I GI Graduate (n = 66), II GII Graduate (n = 70), I-III MI-III uniform Masters studies (n = 64), IV-V MIV-V uniform Masters studies (n = 31). Researchers have reported that high levels of technology and social media use are associated with depression and anxiety among adolescents and young adults (Huckins et al., 2020; Primack et al., 2017; Twenge, 2017). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. -. Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Biaorudzki M, Mazur J. Int J Environ Res Public Health. However, there is a paucity of research to address the possible impacts of the pedagogical shift integrated into new online platforms on learning, interaction, and assessment, especially in higher education settings from the vantage point of EFL Grieve those losses, then reframe how you think about these life events. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21212, Demerouti, E., van Eeuwijk, E., Snelder, M., & Wild, U. To combat isolation, come together with your dorm-mates or graduate school cohort via technology. Research Question 2 Top Tips To Decrease Coronavirus Anxiety & Improve Emotional Well Being, Strategies for Healthy Emotion Regulation During Uncertain Times, Owning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort, Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing, Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One Another, Gaming For Mental Health: Using Video And Board Games To Support Wellbeing, Building Resiliency To Isolation & Loneliness: How To Increase Our Resiliency During The COVID-19 Crisis, Peer, Friend And Self Support In The COVID-19 Crisis: How To Provide Support For Ourselves And Others Through Times Of Fear And Isolation, Navigating Relationships During The COVID-19 Pandemic, Back to Normal or Not: How to Help Your Family Through COVID-19 Transitions, Herramientas Para La Mejorar La Resiliencia Y Apoyar A La Comunidad Latinx: Seminario Virtual En Espaol Dirigido Por La Iniciativa Que Hacer Ahora. (2008). A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. Wiley. One of the distinguishing characteristics of PsyCap is its malleability and openness to change and development (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans et al., 2006). Best Colleges (April 20, 2020). Americans stress, worry and anger intensified in 2018. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. The uncertainty about what comes next. Crown. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19). (2013). Gallagher RP. Frequent breaks can help you re-engage in your work. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. In January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern, and the effects continue to be widespread and ongoing. The Career Development International, 16(1), 6081. doi: 10.2196/22817. Relationship of Demographic Factors, Psychological Capital, and Coping Strategies With Change in PERMA Elements, Note. Such factors as age, gender, and place of residence influenced the choice of specific strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated that PsyCap affected well-being both directly and indirectly through coping strategies. Christine Suniti Bhat, PhD, LPC, LSC (OH), is a professor and the interim director of the George E. Hill Center for Counseling & Research at Ohio University. Researchers have recommended coping skills training for university students to modify maladaptive coping strategies and enhance pre-existing adaptive coping styles Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. It was found that nursing students have negative coping methods, such as not being able to manage time well due to constraints at home and spending too much time on the phone, internet, and computer. Although the reason for this result is uncertain, it is conceivable that attending to an uncertain future (i.e., hope) and recovering from immediate losses (i.e., resilience) became more salient, and ones self-efficacy in managing normal, everyday challenges receded in importance. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.609844, Luthans, F., Avey, J. A total of 806 university students from the United States participated in the study. Mallhi TH, Ahmad N, Salman M, Tanveer N, Shah S, Butt MH, Alatawi AD, Alotaibi NH, Rahman HU, Alzarea AI, Alanazi AS, Alzahrani MS, Alshehri S, Aljabri A, Khan YH. Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. You dont have to fix their problems. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, PsyCap HERO dimensions were negatively correlated to negative emotion and loneliness. Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. Foremost among these is that data were collected using self-report measures, and in the case of the PERMA-Profiler, data were collected using the retrospective recall of participants as they considered their well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19. The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures Engagement coping includes problem-focused coping and some forms of emotion-focused coping, such as support seeking, emotion regulation, acceptance, and cognitive restructuring. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. Guilford. All of these changes may have influenced students health Objectives To assess the psychological distress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813517003, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Jensen, S. M. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.373, Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in 2023 Feb 10;13(2):429-439. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13020032. Careers. Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing. However, after COVID-19, self-efficacy did not present as a predictor of well-being in this study. Indeed, the emerging literature paints a bleak picture of college students experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The connection between our physical body and our mental health is important and may be something worth exploring when thinking about staying mentally healthy. Instruments utilized in the study measured psychological capital (Psychological Capital Questionnaire [PCQ-12]; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), coping (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997), and well-being (PERMA-Profiler; Butler & Kern, 2016). The financial crisis and the well-being of Americans: 2011 OEP Hicks lecture. Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467487. Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. (2018). And having to stay home can be lonely. After cleaning the data, 197 surveys were excluded from the data analyses. Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. Each subscale is measured by two items and is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). Indirect Effect of Psychological Capital on PERMA Factors Through Coping Strategies (Mediators), Note. High levels of stress are expected when crises affect peoples lives. Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. Consider recreating important events once its safe. Findings are discussed in three areas: reduction in well-being related to COVID-19, shift in predictive roles of PsyCap HERO dimensions, and coping strategies as a mediator. For example, optimism became the strongest predictor of overall well-being and hope emerged as a predictor of engagement, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health during the pandemic. A further consideration is that the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) may not be associated with similar outcomes for people of other cultures and backgrounds during COVID-19. McGonigal, J. Northwestern University. (1993). Justine K. James, PhD, is an assistant professor at University College in Kerala, India. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Additionally, data collection methods and sample demographics would likely limit generalizability. Flatt, A. K. (2013). Background: During COVID-19 Findings on the effectiveness of problem-focused coping strategies versus emotion-focused coping strategies suggest the effectiveness of the particular strategy is contingent on the context, with controllable issues being better addressed through problem-focused strategies, while emotion-focused strategies are more effective with circumstances that cannot be controlled (Finkelstein-Fox & Park, 2019). Of course, its good to stay informed, especially (2018). With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. Measuring PERMA+ in South Australia, the State of Wellbeing: A comparison with national and international norms. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Positive psychological capital development: A field study by the Solomon four group design. Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives. Recognize that the current circumstances are hard for everyone. International Business Research, 8(10), 102111. A suffering generation: Six factors contributing to the mental health crisis in North American higher education. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social Johnson (2020) indicated that 35% of students reported increased anxiety associated with a move from face-to-face to online learning in the spring 2020 semester, matching the early phases of the COVID-19 outbreak. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. Dont judge yourself; just do the best you can. The questionnaire included items related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education classification, and employment status. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. Or maybe youve stayed put and worry about your family. Now is my chance to help others. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, The first pillar, positive emotion (P), is the affective component comprising the feelings of joy, hope, pleasure, rapture, happiness, and contentment. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. (2015). Correspondence may be addressed to Priscilla Rose Prasath, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, priscilla.prasath@utsa.edu. iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Copyright 2023 Mental Health America, Inc. preparing for your wellness during the COVID-19 outbreak, College During COVID: Balancing Academics & Fun, One Love Foundation x Mental Health America, How The Human-Animal Bond Increases Resilience And Empowers Us To Thrive, Managing Video Anxiety During Teletherapy, COVID-19 And Loneliness: When It Seems Like No One Cares, Maintaining Hope In The Face Of Uncertainty, Preparing For The Holidays During COVID-19, Be Kind to Your Mind: Stress Coping Strategies During COVID-19 (Webinar Recording), Facebook Live: Support Animals and COVID-19 Anxiety, Processing Big Changes: Grief And Loss During COVID-19. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Penguin Press. Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 279287. Future researchers should consider issues of internal consistency as they choose scales and interpret results. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Building the leaders of tomorrow: The development of academic psychological capital. de la Fuente, J., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., Laspra-Solis, C., Maestro-Martin, C., Alustiza, I., Auba, E., & Martin-Lanas, R. (2020). Research Question 3 And there are ways to lessen your stress. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). Therefore, this Web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among university students from * p < .05, ** p < .01. Your classes may now be virtual. Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. It is this balance of positive and negative emotions that contributes to life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993), and our findings support the notion that fostering particular positive psychological states (PsyCap), as well as engaging in related coping strategies, promotes well-being in the context of this large-scale crisis. Iasiello, M., Bartholomaeus, J., Jarden, A., & Kelly, G. (2017). Results revealed that well-being was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared to before the onset of the pandemic. Another thing you cant control? WebMaintain adequate nutrition by eating three healthy meals per day; now is a great time to try new recipes! After a thorough review of the literature, three standardized measures were identified for use in the study along with a brief survey for demographic information. -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. PERMA-Profiler Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). Students practiced their emerging skills in simulated emergency scenarios. FOIA (2013). The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. L = Loneliness. The ongoing stress and trauma of the COVID-19 crisis can take a serious toll on our bodies: creating tense muscles, headaches, digestive issues, difficulty sleeping, and even immunity problems. You may have returned home, where youre missing friends and finding studying difficult. The data were screened and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, v25). Selvaraj, P. R., & Bhat, C. S. (2018). Occupy your mind with puzzles. (F. Luthans et al., 2015, p. 2). Over the past decade, PsyCap has been applied to university student development and mental health. Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. In general, problem-focused coping strategies, also known as adaptive coping strategies, include planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010). Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Although mental health distress has been an issue on college campuses prior to the pandemic (Flatt, 2013; Lipson et al., 2019), COVID-19 has and will continue to magnify this phenomenon. The COVID-19 outbreak caused global disruptions in all aspects of life. By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One OH Current Psychology, 36(4), 875887. Disengagement coping includes responses such as avoidance, denial, and wishful thinking, as well as aspects of emotion-focused coping, because it involves an attempt to escape feelings of distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010; de la Fuente et al., 2020). The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Mediator coping strategies. Look for tasks you can postpone or simply eliminate from your to-do list. Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey. Brief COPE Questionnaire Perception towards E-learning and COVID-19 on the mental health status of university students in Malaysia. Given the ongoing repercussions of the pandemic, we recommend continued and longitudinal studies on well-being, coping strategies, and PsyCap. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. There is robust empirical support suggesting that individuals with higher PsyCap have higher levels of performance (job and academic); satisfaction; engagement; attitudinal, behavioral, and relational outcomes; and physical and psychological health and well-being outcomes. Shift in Predictive Roles of PsyCap HERO Dimensions But during COVID-19, the relevance of self-efficacy in predicting PERMA elements was limited to controllable factorsrelationships, meaning, and physical healthand the predictive role of self-efficacy overall was no longer significant (see Table 2). https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., As the students collaborated with one another, they gained greater appreciation for one anothers disciplines and unique skill sets, Johnson-Huff said. Ask your supervisor for help. Many things can impact this including our physical health. Simon & Schuster. 2021;18(1): 355. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. OH Wang X, Hegde S, Son C, Keller B, Smith A, Sasangohar F. J Med Internet Res. College student retention: An exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and purpose in life among university students. B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Given findings of the relationship between PsyCap and well-being in the current study, as well as in prior research (F. Luthans et al., 2006; F. Luthans et al., 2015; McGonigal, 2015), counselors may wish to focus on developing PsyCap to help university students flourish both during the pandemic and in a post-pandemic world. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6, Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. Instruments Fig 1. Listen to childrens concerns. Point-biserial correlation This study is qualitative research with a case Atria Books. The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Coping Strategies as a Mediator The predictive role of hope was negligible before COVID-19. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping, positive reframing, and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being.