child custody statistics by gender uk

Young females had higher levels of FSM eligibility across all disposals, except for fines, compared to young males. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). Similar proportions are seen in convictions. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. For both young males and young females that received a sentence/caution in the matched offender cohort, over half (57% of males and 61% of females) received Free School Meals (FSM). Figure 6.01: Prison population, by sex, June 2015 to June 2019. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. Defendants with unknown or not stated sex accounted for 10% of all prosecutions in 2019. In 2019, the average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for male offenders was 19.7 months compared to 11.3 months for female offenders. SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. These proportions have remained stable for the last 5 years. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. In 2019, 46% of children remanded at Crown Court for indictable offences were remanded in custody. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. Higher proportions of females in contact with liaison and diversion services were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, had financial needs and were abuse victims. The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. Males were serving longer custodial sentence length. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure the limitations of these data are taken into account. , A single individual (includes people and companies) can be counted more than once in a year if they are dealt with by the CJS on more than one occasion. In 2018/19, 21% of the 85,900 adults who engaged with liaison and diversion services were female. Data on PSRs relates to those aged 18 or older and all offence types. The disposal where there was the greatest difference between genders was for fines. Over the last five years, female representation has remained constant within the MoJ (67% in 2019). , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. The proportion of convicted offenders who were female was 27% in 2019 and has remained stable over the last 5 years. Defendants with unknown or not stated ethnicity accounted for 28% of all indictable prosecutions in 2019. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. , Analysis of attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. This can be explained by a 7% rise for females and a 4% fall for males between 2018 and 2019. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. All data refers to this age group throughout the section, unless stated otherwise. In 2019, 15% of males and 17% females elected to be tried at the Crown Court. The judges and lay people analyzed two mock court cases, including a child. , Fast Delivery PSR (written) Normally completed on day of request and must be completed within 5 days. Females also consistently had a higher guilty plea rate for indictable offences. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. GillespieShields. In 2019/20, 31,800 individuals were detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) in England and Wales, a 2% increase when compared to the previous year[footnote 26]. In 2019, 60,800 cautions were issued, 78% to males and 22% to females. Violent crime was most prevalent in the 16-24 age group (Figure 3.02). The most common sentence for summary benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 45% of females and 58% of males convicted for this offence in 2019. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. Consistently, the proportion of females who reported experiencing domestic abuse in the last year (7.3%) was twice that of males (3.6%). National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. Full details on data limitations and conclusion can be found in the technical guide. The overall levels of attainment for the cohort are slightly higher for the young female group, with 46% achieving 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English and Maths, compared to 43% for young males. Males were proportionately more likely to be victims of homicide in public places, notably on the street (males: 30%; females: 6%). Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. For example, young males receiving more than 12 months in custody were more likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (69% v 64%), whereas the reverse was true for young males receiving 12 months or less in custody. Newport, UK: Office for National Statistics. Youth custody data report for June 2014 published. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions accounted for 51% of all offenders in 2019, 86% were male, compared to 14% who were female. Data are presented in terms of calendar and financial years (usually 2019 or 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). Topics include: Prison Population, Youth Custody, Unsentenced prison remand population, Sentences served in prison (type and length) Receptions and Releases, Her Majestys Inspectorate for Prisons (HMIP) survey[footnote 59], Self-harm in custody, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders). ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. Figure 7.11: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of persistent absence, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.4). The most common offence group[footnote 29] for those engaged with liaison and diversion services was violence against the person, for which a larger proportion of females were being dealt with compared to males (29% compared to 22%). Child Support - Census.gov Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 1], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. Youth custody data for April 2018 published. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the suspect with the closest relationship to the victim. In 2018/19, 12,300[footnote 30] young people engaged with liaison and diversion services, of which 19% were female. , Indictable offences are more serious offences that may (if triable-either-way) or must (if indictable only) be passed on to the Crown Court; while summary offences are typically less serious and almost always dealt with entirely in magistrates courts. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. , Where there are multiple suspects in a homicide case, they are categorised in the Homicide Index as either the principal or a secondary suspect. 41% of females received a suspended sentence for this offence, compared with 20% of males. The conviction ratio for female children in 2019 was 67%, 4 percentage points lower than in 2015 and 3 percentage points lower than the male child conviction ratio (70%) in 2019. There is a glossary that explains the definition of each disposal in the technical guide, along with a summary of the data share. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). A higher proportion of female children were remanded on bail (72%) than male children (38%). A higher proportion of males were proceeded against for indictable offences (22%) compared to females (10%). in the year ending March 2019, 27.8% of people in youth custody were Black - more than double the percentage in the year ending March 2006 (12.5%) White people made up around half (50.6%) of young people in . Refer to https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf for further details on methodology. Youth custody report for November 2014 published. These proportions have remained constant over the last 5 years. Female representation within MoJ and CPS remained constant. Highest prevalence in females was seen in those aged 20-24 (15.1%), with younger males experiencing highest prevalence in the 16-19 age group (6.5%). Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of prosecutions for summary non-motoring offences has been decreasing for both male and female defendants, offset by increases in both indictable and summary motoring offences. For example, 83% of mothers receive custody of their children in divorces. 18% of single mothers have a college degree or higher 27% of single fathers are between the ages of 15 & 29 29% of single fathers are African American 28% of single mothers are African American 36% of single fathers live at or below the poverty line 43% of single mothers live at or below the poverty line Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for England & Wales aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. In 2019/20, sexual assault towards females within the last year were over 4 times higher than towards males. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. At 53%, oral fast delivery PSRs[footnote 53] were more common, especially for females (females 60%, males 52%), while standard PSRs[footnote 54], which are given for more serious offences, were much less common and were given proportionally more often to male offenders (4%) compared with female offenders (1%). Estimates for the year 2019 to March 2020 were therefore unaffected by the lockdown restrictions. In 2019/20, 7,002 prisoners completed the survey of which 694 were female. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. , Where there were multiple offences on the same occasion, only the primary offence as recorded on the Police National Computer (PNC) would be counted. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G by gender and disposal category[footnote 98] (Source: Table 7.1). The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. PDF The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S Please send any comments to: datausers@justice.gov.uk. The custody of children had already been the subject of parliamentary action in 1839. Despite this, a higher proportion of females reported verbal abuse, threats and bullying from other prisoners. Figure 3.03: Number of homicide offences currently recorded by the police, by sex of victim, 2008/09 to 2018/19. Since 2015, the ACSL for indictable offences has risen for both male and female offenders from all ethnic groups[footnote 76]. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). , Statistics on case management come from Criminal Court Statistics. Figure 5.11: Proportion of offenders sentenced for indictable offences, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentence lengths and average custodial sentence length (ACSL). These figures are calculated differently from those used for the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin, which is used as the basis for the section on plea at the Crown Court and the remainder of the Crown Court committal section they are not directly comparable to these sections. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved any pass in their GCSEs (or equivalents) was high; 80% for males and 83% for females. , Out of court disposals available to the police and CPS in 2019 included: simple and conditional cautions; cannabis and khat warnings; penalty notices for disorder (PNDs); and community resolutions. HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. More females experienced two types of abuse (18.3%) than males (13.5%), often including domestic stalking. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. The proportion of all young offenders in the matched cohort that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, was slightly higher for the young female group, at 12%, compared to 10% for young males. This proportion has remained stable over the last 5 years (June 2015 June 2019) despite the overall fall of 18% in the under 18 custody population. , In this section, children are the standard unit we are describing, even when not explicitly stating so in the text. Youth custody report and data for February 2018 published. Single Fathers Single Mothers And Child Custody Statistics Youth custody report for September 2014 published. Figure 8.02 Change in female prosecutions for indictable offences, by offence group England and Wales, 2015 to 2019, Figure 8.02: Summary offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. Figure 7.07: Proportion of males and female offenders by offending history, England and Wales, 2015 and 2019. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. Figure 4.05: Number of cautions issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Monthly statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs). There is no published data available on Fixed Penalty Notices by sex. Figure 5.03: Number of defendants proceeded against at magistrates courts, by offence type and sex, 2015 to 2019. Instances of self-harm per individual was over twice as high for females at 9.3, compared to 4.4 for males. Press enquiries should be directed to the Ministry of Justice press office: Other enquiries about these statistics should be directed to the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Damon Wingfield, Responsible Statistician and Head of Criminal Justice System Statistics It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. In 2017, the aggregate amount of child support that was expected for receipt was $30 billion; 62% of that amount was actually received, averaging $3,431 per custodial parent. In homicides where the principal suspect was known to the victim, 67% of cases with female victims suspected the partner/ex-partner[footnote 21], whereas when the victim was male, only 9% of cases suspected the partner/ex-partner. You have rejected additional cookies. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. Figure 3.02: Percentage of adults who were victims of violent crime, by age group, year ending March 2019. You have accepted additional cookies. The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). The publication aims to help practitioners, policy makers, academics and members of the public understand trends in the CJS in England and Wales, and how these vary between the sexes and over time. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. The majority (85%) of arrests continue to be accounted for by males in 2019/20. Among children aged 6 and under, only 18 percent were in the sole custody of their fathers or in joint custody. Figure 4.02: Proportion of arrests within each offence group, by sex, 2019/20, Detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983)[footnote 25]. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 96] and 2014/15[footnote 97] (93% for young females and 90% for young males).